The Race for Universal Monarchy - Columbia Studies in International and Global History by Ebru Turan

About the Book

Ebru Turan explores the emergence of the Habsburg and Ottoman empires and the early phase of their rivalry within the broader Mediterranean world.

Book Synopsis

The early sixteenth century saw the rise of two Mediterranean empires--the Christian Habsburgs, based in Spain and Austria, and the Muslim Ottomans, centered in the Balkans and Anatolia--with strikingly similar ambitions. Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (1500-1558) and Sultan Süleyman (1495-1566) each pursued grand universalist visions, seeking to unite Islam and Christendom under a universal monarchy that would resolve wars and conflicts, dissolve religious divisions, and usher in an age of peace, unity, and justice.

Drawing on a wide range of Ottoman and European sources, Ebru Turan explores the emergence of these empires and the early phase of their rivalry within the broader Mediterranean world. She argues that the late medieval crusading movement, which aimed to conquer Islamic lands and convert Muslims to Christianity, was infused with apocalyptic and messianic expectations in both the Latin West and the Ottoman Empire. While Charles V was hailed as a prophesied figure destined to conquer the Islamic East and restore the ancient Roman Empire, Süleyman contested these claims by positioning himself as the rightful heir to the Roman Caesars. Like his rival, he embraced a messianic identity, aspiring to conquer Christendom and unite the world under Islamic rule.

Innovative in its approach and provocative in its conclusions, The Race for Universal Monarchy transcends traditional East and West dichotomies, highlighting both empires' efforts to build a global community of peace and harmony.

Review Quotes

Brilliantly traces the simultaneous rise of the Ottoman and Habsburg empires, arguing that their universalist claims can only be understood in the context of the medieval rivalry between Christianity and Islam. As well as providing a much-needed comparative perspective, Turan elucidates the role of apocalypticism, arguing that to be useful, this overused term must be carefully defined.--Dimitri J. Kastritsis, Middle East librarian, University of Virginia

This impressive book recasts the sixteenth-century confrontation between Suleyman the Magnificent and Charles V against the background of a much wider political theater and a much longer history of apocalyptic and millenarian thought. Both specialists and general readers will learn a great deal from this book's balanced yet intricate narrative.--Giancarlo Casale, professor of early modern history of the Mediterranean, European University Institute

About the Author

Ebru Turan is an assistant professor of history at Fordham University.